CD1D and neoplasm: These studies generally apply α-GalCer in mouse models, stimulate dendritic cells with α-GalCer, transfer ex vivo-expanded NKT cells, expand NKT cells with α-GalCer-loaded CD1d protein, or generate invariant NKT cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expression, mostly leading to a prolonged survival or inhibited tumor growth in animals bearing metastatic tumor cells (108, 170–173).