CXCL12 and gestational diabetes: GDM has been associated with an altered chemokine profile, characterized by elevated serum levels and increased placental synthesis of CCL-2 (MCP-1), CXCL-1 (GROa), CXCL-8 (IL-8), CXCL-9 (MIG), CXCL-10 (IP-10), CXCL-12 (SDF-1), and CXCL-16 (SRPSOX) (20–24).