Studies have shown that PPARα/β promotes tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) activation by augmenting the expression of IL-10 and induces the polarization process within M2 macrophages (15).Moreover, in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, its single-stranded RNA induces macrophage transition from M0 to M2 via TLR7, facilitating the long-term coexistence of the pathogen within the host, promoting tissue repair and remodeling, and leading to chronic HCV infection (53). The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is neoplasm.