Many lines of research have clearly demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reduces disease flares in SLE patients (74, 75) by inhibiting the activation of endosomal TLRs, particularly TLR7 and TLR9 (76, 77) and antigen presentation (78), as well as reducing NETs formation (79). This evidence concerns the gene TLR7 and systemic lupus erythematosus.