Through both in vitro and in vivo studies, It was observed that exosomal circ-CBLB promoted M1 macrophage polarization through TLR3/TRAF3 pathway, and overexpression of circ-CBLB inhibited expression of TLR3 pathway components, thus blocking M1 macrophage polarization and alleviating the immune inflammatory response in RA. The gene discussed is TRAF3; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.