NOS2 and colorectal neoplasm: For example, while high iNOS levels in advanced melanoma correlate with poor survival (Ekmekcioglu et al., 2006), elevated iNOS expression in breast and colorectal tumors has been linked to favorable prognostic features and increased apoptosis (Wang et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2022; Alemu et al., 2025).