These findings are consistent with existing information that blocking the platelet-leukocyte (monocyte or neutrophil) aggregation either P-selectin (CD62P) (43) and CD40 ligand (CD40l) (44) or PSGL-1 (45), CD40 and Mac-1 (integrin αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) on leukocytes, markedly dampens the pathological hemostasis and inflammation including vascular inflammation and thrombosis which are key events in NEC. This evidence concerns the gene CD40 and necrotizing enterocolitis.