IFNA1 and infection: The functions of DIPs include reducing virulence in vivo (Barrett and Dimmock, 1984; Rabinowitz and Huprikar, 1979), inducing robust interferon (IFN) expression during infection in vitro (Fuller and Marcus, 1980; Johnston, 1981), and promoting enhanced viral persistence in vivo (Baczko et al., 1986) and in vitro (De and Nayak, 1980; Kawai et al., 1975; Roux and Waldvogel, 1981; Schmaljohn and Blair, 1977; Sekellick and Marcus, 1978) (Figure 1).