TNF and Crohn disease: As a central cytokine to systemic inflammatory immune responses, TNF-α has become the target of biological therapies using neutralizing antibodies to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.73–77 The role of non-Prevotella 7 uGI microbiota types for the diagnosis of systemic inflammation and the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with TNF inhibitors should therefore be further explored.