INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The condition has attained epidemic proportions and impacts individuals across diverse ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds.[1, 2, 3, 4] More importantly, obesity is the primary risk factor for developing insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes (T2D).[5, 6] Insulin resistance manifests as diminished insulin response, causing inadequate glucose uptake, unsuppressed lipolysis, and impaired glycogenesis.[7, 8] In obesity, pancreatic beta cells increase insulin secretion, resulting in chronic hyperinsulinemia, further promoting adipose tissue expansion and inflammation.