GNAO1 and Parkinson disease: More recent pathogenic GNAO1 variants leading to loss-of-function (LOF) and haploinsufficiency have been associated with milder phenotypes such as adolescent/adult-onset non-progressive dystonia, parkinsonism, and autism (Koval et al, 2023; Krenn et al, 2022; Lasa-Aranzasti et al, 2024a; Solis et al, 2025; Solis et al, 2024b; Wirth et al, 2022).