The expression levels of APOE and GFAP in different regions were quantified as described in Fig. 1B. Clear accumulation of GFAP at the tumor edge was observed in the ALTS1C1 tumor (19.7 ± 5.8% at the edge compared to 6.2 ± 1.5% and 14.9 ± 4.6% at tumor core and peritumoral normal tissue, respectively) (Fig. 2B). Here, GFAP is linked to neoplasm.