MMP9 and infection: Infection with adenovirus encoding shRNA against c-Jun (shc-Jun), but not against p65 (shp65), abolished PARP1 overexpression-induced upregulation of CyclinD1, Pcna, Mmp9, Pxn, Spp1 and Tnc genes (Fig. 6d), suggesting that c-Jun mediated the effects of PARP1 on VSMC proliferation and migration.