GDF15 and atrial fibrillation: In this cohort of 3817 well-phenotyped AF patients, we identified several biomarkers associated with adverse cardiovascular events, including markers of myocardial injury (hsTropT), inflammation (IL-6), oxidative stress (GDF-15), coagulation (d-dimer), and cardiac dysfunction (NT-proBNP, IGFBP-7).