We identify 5 biomarkers including D-dimer, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), interleukin-6 (IL-6), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTropT) that independently predict cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and systemic embolism, significantly enhancing predictive accuracy. Here, GDF15 is linked to myocardial infarction.