C3 and abscess: Staphylokinase is a thrombolytic enzyme that enables S. aureus dissemination in the setting of abscess formation [41]; its primary mode of action is converting plasminogen to plasmin (a genetically modified version of staphylokinase is used clinically for thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke [42]), though it also enhances immune evasion by binding C3b and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin [43].