VEGFA and Parkinson disease: In this work, HRR analysis revealed that both VEGF and the VEGF73-101 fragment, containing the VEGFR-2 minimal interaction sites, fully restore mitochondrial coupling efficiency in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, preventing the toxin-induced LEAK respiration increase, Δψm collapse, and cytotoxicity, key hallmarks of PD-related mitochondrial dysfunction.