Separately, we evaluated 25 patients with high-risk resectable melanoma who received neoadjuvant anti–PD-1 nivolumab along with intratumoral TLR9 agonist vidutolimod, the primary results of which have previously been reported (Supplementary Fig. S1A; Supplementary Appendix S3 and S4; refs. 28). Here, TLR9 is linked to melanoma.