The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that pretreatment with NMN downregulated the NF-κB and TNF signaling pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways closely related to bacterial infection in BMDM after hvKP infection (Fig. 3C). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.