TNF and infection: We compared gene changes in mice treated with the combination of NMN + antibiotics with those in the hvKP infection group and found that the mRNA levels of Cxcl2, Cxcl3, and Ptgs2 related to neutrophil infiltration were significantly downregulated in top 20 genes, and the mRNA levels of Il6, Il1b, and Tnf were also downregulated (Fig. 6C).