The pathogenesis of CLL is closely related to the activation of critical survival pathways such as the B cell receptor (BCR) and toll-like receptor signaling pathways, in which microbial antigens (e.g., bacterial cell membrane components or unmethylated DNA) are known to be key stimulators driving CLL cell proliferation (15, 18–21). The gene discussed is BCR; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.