DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: According to the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (ESC-EASD) guidelines, among the available DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin and sitagliptin have neutral effects on the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and may be considered for treating T2D individuals with heart failure [73].