CD274 and cancer: Looking forward, radioactive microspheres can potentially treat cancers efficiently through three key research directions: 1) Personalized dosimetry optimization using AI-based tumor perfusion analysis to predict microsphere distribution patterns (Dong et al., 2025); 2) Development of “smart” microspheres with stimuli-responsive drug release (pH, enzyme, or temperature-activated) for precision combination therapies (Li J. et al., 2025); and 3) Standardization of radio-immunotherapy protocols combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with radionuclides to enhance abscopal effects (Li et al., 2024).