GH1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: We included an extensive list of clinical/demographic covariates that may influence height and/or BMI in our linear regression models (Table 2); however, there are other potentially relevant factors that were not consistently accessible among the adult patients in this study, such as mid-parental height, childhood growth hormone treatment, immunodeficiency status, calcium status, smoking, sedentariness, and family history of obesity.