SLC2A4 and diabetes mellitus: Research has demonstrated the remarkable value of toon leaf (TL) components in glycemic regulation: Non-polar fractions extracted via supercritical carbon dioxide can alleviate the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatic fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by modulating lipid metabolism (Hsieh et al., 2012), while aqueous extracts enhance glucose metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic models through upregulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression (Wang et al., 2008).