Recent advances illuminate ICD’s translational potential through innovative therapeutic engineering: (Galluzzi et al., 2018): R848@M2pep-MPs AFP (Huazhong University): Macrophage-derived microparticles co-loaded with tumor antigens and TLR7/8 agonist R848 reprogram tumor-associated macrophages and expand stem-like CD8+ T cell clones, synergizing with anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (Zhang et al., 2023; Bie et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and neoplasm.