Conversely, viral infections like RSV decrease lung Cat in mice (Hosakote et al., 2011; Ansar et al., 2020), while chronic bacterial infection, specifically P. aeruginosa colonization, is associated with lower systemic CAT in CF children (Bennemann et al., 2022), suggesting infections can compromise CAT activity systemically or locally. The gene discussed is CAT; the disease is cystic fibrosis.