NFE2L2 and cystic fibrosis: The consequences of Nrf2 impairment in CF include weakened intrinsic antioxidant defense capacity and increased intracellular H2O2 levels, which contribute to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-8, directly linking defective antioxidant response to CF’s characteristic chronic inflammation (Chen et al., 2008).