TGFBR2 and neoplasm: In addition to KRAS, recent studies have also revealed the critical functions of APC and transforming growth factor β receptor 2 (TGFBR2, a key component of the TGF-β signaling pathway) in regulating the properties of EVs and indicated that TP53 mutations are associated with EV-mediated biological effects in the tumor microenvironment (Table 8).