The first 3-D ST maps of osteosarcoma have uncovered discrete immune-evasion niches enriched for PD-L1+ osteoblastic cells, C1QC+ macrophages and VEGFA-driven endothelial networks that co-localise around necrotic bone trabeculae and at the invasive tumour–bone interface (19, 20). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.