PTPRC and gastric cancer: MIF inhibitors (such as IPG1576) can reduce MDSC differentiation (53), while the LGALS9-CD45/SPP1-CD44 axis promotes Macro_C1QC infiltration and CD8+T cell exhaustion (45), and the CXCL16-CXCR6 axis drives T cell functional failure and gastric cancer metastasis (54).