Approximately 25 % of the PD risk is attributed to genetic variations [31], 32], and several of these genes modulate immune responses and neuroinflammation, including autosomal dominant variants such as LRRK2 (PARK8), SNCA (PARK1/PARK4), and VPS35 (PARK17), and autosomal recessive mutations in genes such as DJ-1 (PARK7), PRKN (PARK2), GBA, and PINK1 (PARK6) [33], [34], [35]. Here, SNCA is linked to Parkinson disease.