The fact that many rodent models of inflammatory cortical injury often incorporate injection[55,109,110,123] or targeted delivery[121,124] of TNFa and IFNg into the CSF or cortex indicates that these cytokines may be directly responsible for the cortical damage observed in these models, and perhaps also in MS patients, especially if a subset of cells exhibit increased susceptibility to cell death, as described above[80,92]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and myeloid sarcoma.