Studies have found that inhibiting MDSCs or Tregs can enhance antitumor immunity, and LY6D may activate the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, which inhibit apoptosis and enhance immune evasion; indeed, PI3K/Akt signaling has been shown to promote PD-L1 expression in multiple cancer types 28, 30. This evidence concerns the gene LY6D and cancer.