Furthermore, a prognostic model [A2M gene-associated prognostic index (A2M-GPI)] composed of 7 genes [TIE1, VWF, TCF4, PTPRB, ICAM2, DOCK6, and RAMP3] was constructed using machine learning to predict the prognosis of ccRCC. Here, TIE1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.