While targeting αV integrins, including ITGAV, has shown promise in preclinical studies across various cancers [51, 52, 53, 54, 55], clinical trials in pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma using αV integrin inhibitors have been largely disappointing [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAV and glioblastoma.