In another study on 35 RA patients with ILD a number of cytokines/chemokines, some similar to those of our study, were significantly increased compared with RA without ILD, e.g., IL1α, IL6, IL8, IL18, IL23, MCP1 and MIP1ß In a Cox regression analyis, disease activity, high ACPA titre, IL18, MCP1 and SDF1α were associated with ILD [33]. Here, IL18 is linked to interstitial lung disease.