IL6 and neoplasm: CAFs express molecules, including IL-6 and CXCL12, which attract Tregs and suppress cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, reducing the anti-tumor immune response.146,147 Furthermore, CAFs contribute to the polarization of macrophages towards the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype, increasing the tumor’s ability to elude the immune system.147,148 This creates a feedback loop in which CAFs continually support tumor growth and metastasis while suppressing immune activity.