TRIM21 and cancer: Loss of p53 function, which occurs in more than half of all cancers, leads to reduced MHC expression, thereby diminishing the tumor’s visibility to CTLs and facilitating immune escape.194 A recent study revealed that the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the p53 hotspot mutation E285K, delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), shows promise as a precision medicine approach for treating cancers with mutant p53, leveraging both TRIM21 and PIGR pathways for enhanced anti-tumor immunity.195