Such as bispecific antibodies like M7824, which target both PD-L1 and TGF-β, have shown notable clinical effectiveness in NSCLC when administered alongside PD-1 inhibitors.475,476 Additionally, next-generation bispecific antibodies targeting PD-L1 in combination with other immune checkpoints have shown significant anti-tumor activity in preclinical and early clinical studies. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.