TNF and periodontitis: Ixeris dentata (IXD) is a flowering plant with anti-inflammatory effects [105] and it has been reported that IXD leaves extract and Lactobacillus gasseri alone or in combination inhibit alveolar bone loss, favored osteogenesis, increased NRF2 and HO-1 expression, and reduced ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in periodontitis mouse model.