Although responses in patients with advanced PDAC treated with anti PD‐L1 or anti CTLA‐4 antibodies have been so far limited [10], the data by Jamouss et al would suggest a role for checkpoint inhibitors in noninvasive IPMN as a chemoprevention strategy that warrants further investigation. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.