AMPK-mediated glycolysis was associated with changes in HK2 expression, which could be transcriptionally regulated through HIF1α-dependent mechanisms.64 AMPK may be tumor suppressive or tumor promoting and may either negatively or positively regulate glycolysis.65 Our data suggest that CCL2/HGF activation of AMPK is cancer promoting as it positively regulates glycolysis associated with increased breast cancer cell growth, survival, and invasion. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and breast cancer.