CCL2 and breast cancer: Previous studies showed that CCL2/CCR2 mediated p42/44MAPK and PKC signaling was important for breast cancer cell growth, survival, and motility.25,26 HGF/MET mediated p42/44MAPK, AMPK and AKT signaling was important for growth, survival and scattering of cervical cancer and head and neck cancer cells.15,36 Therefore, DCIS.com and HCC1937 cells were treated with CCL2 and/or HGF and analyzed by immunoblot for phosphorylation of these pathways.