TGFB1 and hydrops fetalis: Our findings demonstrated that Cur-mEVs could significantly activate HFSCs in the AGA mouse model by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, downregulating TGF-β1 expression, and reducing inflammation in the HF microenvironment, thereby modulating the HF cycle and promoting hair regeneration (as illustrated in Figure 1).