S100A8 and COVID-19: This finding is consistent with previous findings (Hou et al., 2023; Jakobsson et al., 2023; Krenkel et al., 2020; R et al., 2021; Su et al., 2022) that elevated S100A8/9 levels are strongly associated with poor prognosis in a variety of inflammatory diseases and malignancies, such as patients with severe COVID-19 and patients with advanced extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) (Lee et al., 2023; Zhou et al., 2016), where S100A8/9 levels correlate with poor survival.