EDEM1 and neoplasm: Moreover, in contrast to the control tumor xenografts, a reduction in Keap1 expression and up-regulation of Nrf2 expression were observed in the tumor xenografts derived from MDA-MB-231 cells with EDEM1 overexpression both in normal conditions and in DOX-induced conditions, suggesting that the EDEM1-induced Keap1–Nrf2 pathway plays a vital role in TNBC progression and chemoresistance (Fig. 7F).