NOS2 and Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in the eye plays a vital role in the development of DR via mitochondrial damage, induction of inflammatory mediators (such as: nuclear factor kappa B [NFkB], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], interleukins and others), angiogenesis, accelerated upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and retinal apoptosis (Zhang et al. 2019; Sadikan et al. 2022; Suryavanshi et al. 2022; Alsabaani et al. 2024).