IL6 and cancer: NF-κB is a key link between inflammation and tumorigenesis (Wei et al., 2023) by encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (Cuellar-Nunez et al., 2021, Medicherla et al., 2015), which promote DNA damage and transform colon cells into cancer cells (Zhang et al., 2023).