TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: They further demonstrated that OATP1B3 overexpression in HCC cells promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation, while low OATP1B3 expression predicts a poor prognosis (Chen Shihan et al., 2020) Downregulation of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1 in HCC may follow a common mechanism, potentially influenced by the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ.