TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: When IBD patients were stratified by medication, only IBD patients treated with anti-TNF antibodies had significantly lower anti-spike Ig titers compared to both HCW groups (both p < 0.001) and also compared to IBD patients treated with ustekinumab/vedolizumab (p < 0.001) as well as IBD patients with other medications (p < 0.001) (Figure 1B).