CSF2 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: In a clinical study (Phase 2, NCT02636582), a peptide vaccine composed of HER2-derived MHC Class I peptide E75 (nelipepimut-S, NPS) combined with GM-CSF adjuvant in the treatment of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) showed good vaccine tolerance and relatively good safety [275].