Given the significance of the immunomodulatory effect of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-iPD-L1, the potential impact of [18F]AlF-DOTA-iPD-L1 developed in this research is particularly relevant for the selection, monitoring, and enhancement of outcomes in cancer patients undergoing concurrent anti-PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.