According to analyses of serum samples of 160 critically ill patients with septic and non-septic shock, and healthy volunteers, levels of circulating CitH3 at enrollment were significantly increased in the septic shock patients compared to patients hospitalized with non-infectious shock (p < 0.0001), and positively correlated with PAD2 and PAD4 concentrations and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001) [30]. The gene discussed is PADI4; the disease is septic shock.