BDNF and depressive symptom measurement: In addition to antioxidant activity decreasing ROS, ginkgo components are proposed to exert anti-inflammatory effects [89], to modulate enzymes responsible for degradation of neurotransmitters and formation of amyloid plaques [90,91], and to modulate BDNF expression in the hippocampus of stressed rats, a key player in the neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression [92].