Reduced ROS activates hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-α), leading to the expression of genes essential for cancer growth, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors; high ROS levels can directly cause oxidative DNA damage [103] and interfere with the function of epigenetic modifiers, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), resulting in both the hypomethylation and hypermethylation of DNA. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is cancer.